Species · forb

Black-eyed Susan

Rudbeckia hirta

Black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta) is the most cost-effective early-bloom forb in native seed. Behaving as a biennial or short-lived perennial, it flowers in the first or second season, suppresses weeds while slow perennials root, and then gradually yields to longer-lived species.

Category
forb
Mature height
1–3 ft
Bloom window
June–September, golden yellow with dark center
Moisture
Dry to mesic
Seeding rate
0.05–0.25 PLS lb/ac in a mix
Seeds per lb
~1,700,000
Native range
Nearly nationwide

Why landowners plant black-eyed susan

  • Extremely high seed count per pound keeps mix costs low while boosting seeds-per-square-foot.
  • Early bloom satisfies CP42 first-bloom-period requirements in most states.
  • Provides visible establishment-year success that reassures landowners and inspectors.
  • Supports a broad range of generalist native bees, hoverflies, and butterflies.

Site fit

Include black-eyed Susan on nearly any upland site — dry, mesic, disturbed, or reclaimed. It is standard in CP42, CP25, CP43 prairie strips, and roadside plantings. On wet-mesic ground, substitute or supplement with sweet black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia subtomentosa).

Establishment

Tiny seed that needs light for germination — broadcast on the surface and cultipack rather than drilling deep. Dormant or early-spring seeding both work; it germinates readily without long stratification.

Management

Populations peak in years two and three, then decline as perennials close the canopy. Mid-contract disturbance (burn or light disk) will bring it back from the seed bank.

CRP practice fit

CP42

Reliable early bloom-period forb in nearly every pollinator mix.

CP25

Low-cost diversity and early cover in prairie reconstructions.

CP43

Common in prairie strips for visible year-one establishment.

Featured mixes with black-eyed susan

Pairs well with

Purple coneflower · Little bluestem · Wild bergamot · Partridge pea

Frequently asked questions

Does black-eyed Susan come back every year?

It behaves as a biennial or short-lived perennial. Individual plants live two to three years, but reliable self-seeding keeps it in the stand until the perennial matrix closes. Disturbance such as burning or light disking regenerates it from the seed bank.

Why is black-eyed Susan in almost every pollinator mix?

It is inexpensive, has roughly 1.7 million seeds per pound, blooms in the first or second year, and satisfies early bloom-period requirements. That combination makes it the cheapest way to raise both diversity counts and seeds per square foot.

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